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==== Inflection and PIE Languages ==== Because the <u>Proto-Indo-European (PIE)</u> language was highly inflected, all of its descendants, such as <u>Albanian</u>, <u>Armenian</u>, <u>English</u>, <u>German</u>, <u>Ukrainian</u>, <u>Russian</u>, <u>Persian</u>, <u>Kurdish</u>, <u>Italian</u>, <u>Irish</u>, <u>Spanish</u>, <u>French</u>, <u>Hindi</u>, <u>Marathi</u>, <u>Urdu</u>, <u>Bengali</u>, and <u>Nepali</u>, are inflected to a greater or lesser extent. In general, ''older'' <u>Indo-European</u> languages such as <u>Latin</u>, <u>Ancient Greek</u>, <u>Old English</u>, <u>Old Norse</u>, <u>Old Church Slavonic</u> and <u>Sanskrit</u> are extensively inflected because of their temporal proximity to the PIE ancestor. '''Deflexion''' has caused ''modern'' versions of some <u>Indo-European</u> languages that were previously highly inflected to be much less so; an example is <u>English</u>, as compared to <u>Old English</u>. In general, languages where deflexion occurs replace inflectional complexity with more rigorous '''word order''', which provides the lost inflectional details. However, the transition from '''synthetic''' (inflection-heavy) to '''analytic''' (relying more on word order and auxiliary words) is complex and can be influenced by multiple factors. Most <u>Slavic</u> languages and some <u>Indo-Aryan</u> languages are an exception to the general <u>Indo-European</u> deflexion trend, continuing to be highly inflected (in some cases acquiring additional inflectional complexity and grammatical genders, as in <u>Czech</u> & <u>Marathi</u>).
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